National transportation infrastructure, city construction scale is more and more big, the scale, the power in construction is more and more big, traction speed more and more quickly, the key transmission accordingly hoist a drum open gear pair structure size bigger, noise hoist in operation, high speed and high power increasingly, however, this is not allowed by the national standard. Building hoist the national standard GB1955 - 2002 provisions hoist noise qualified limits for machine shall not be greater than 85dB (A), the operator shall not be greater than 88dB (A) ears. When the traction force is small, low speed when the noise is far less than the standard limit, easy control; but when the traction speed is higher, traction force to ensure that the noise does not exceed the standard, effective measures should be taken from the aspects of design, technology, materials, quality inspection etc..

1 存在问题：卷扬机噪声来源有多种途径，但本质上是撞击和振动的结果，一般是由于齿轮啮合质量差、运动不平稳在运动中产生了瞬时加速度而造成的。 我公司生产的卷扬机噪声一般在标准范围以内，但出现偶尔噪声超标现象。在排除噪声时感到无从下手，因机器制造所依据的图样、工艺流程相同，既然绝大多数产品合格，就应排除设计和工艺不合理因素。

1 problems: the noise sources in various ways, but the essence is the impact and vibration results, is generally caused by gear meshing quality is poor, the unstable movement in motion produced transient acceleration. The noise produced by our company is generally in the standard range, but occasionally noise exceed the standard phenomenon. Unable to gain the upper hand in eliminating noise, drawings, process flow on the basis for machine manufacturing the same, since the vast majority of products qualified, it should eliminate the unreasonable factors in design and technology.

噪声来源分析及控制

Noise analysis and control of the source

1、底盘 我们认为底盘的设计制造存在造成噪声的可能：①底盘采用箱形结构，不是所有焊缝都进行连续焊接，各个底盘焊缝的长短、高低位置不同，底盘刚性存在较大个体差异，有的则产生共鸣效应，机器如有一点震动噪声就被放大；②底盘由钢板焊成，不具备吸震消声功能，如果其固有频率与齿轮啮合频率接近就可能造成个别机器因齿轮弱小震动引发较大共震，引起噪声值上升。 我们针对上述可能性分别进行试验，但通过三次实验发现噪声高低与底盘结构、刚度、频率等因素呈弱相关，噪声大小与运动件强相关，因此底盘设计构造、制造质量并不是噪声超标的原因。

1, we consider the design and manufacture of chassis chassis cause noise may be: ① chassis adopts box type structure, not all welds are continuous welding, various chassis weld length, height, there are great individual differences in the chassis rigidity, others produce resonance effect, the machine such as a little vibration noise is magnified; the chassis is composed of steel plate welded, does not have the shock-absorbing silencing function, if is close to the natural frequency and the gear mesh frequency may cause individual machines for gear weak vibration lead to greater resonance, noise caused by increased. The possibilities are tested, but by three experiments showed a weak correlation factors of noise level and the chassis structure, stiffness, frequency, noise and the size of the moving parts strongly correlated, so the chassis structural design, manufacturing quality and not exceed the standard of noise.

2、轴承间隙 有人认为，既然噪声是伴随卷筒总成和传动件，那么就可能由于卷筒滑动轴承间隙大而引起。我们对卷筒零件配合间隙进行选择，保证轴承孔与主轴间隙符合图纸要求，装配后进行试验。试验时采用变频电机调速，观察速度对噪声的影响。大量试验结果表明，速度对噪声影响是第一位的，卷筒转速越高则噪声值越大、机器震动越激烈；间隙在其次，主轴与轴套间隙越大则噪声也越大；而底盘对噪声影响最小。如果机器本来噪声就很低，则速度高低、主轴间隙大小的变化都不会产生过大噪声，由此表明噪声超标也不是由轴承间隙大而引起的。

2, the bearing clearance is considered, since noise is accompanied by a drum assembly and transmission parts, then most likely caused by the roll bearing clearance. We on the drum parts with the gap of selection, ensure the bearing hole and shaft gap with the requirements of the drawings, assembly test. Test by frequency conversion motor, observed the influence of velocity on noise. The experimental results show that the effect of noise, speed is the first drum speed, higher noise value is greater, the machine vibration is more intense; the gap in the second, main shaft and the shaft sleeve gap the greater the noise is larger; while the chassis of the lowest noise. If the machine was very low noise, changes in speed, spindle gap size is not too large noise, the noise exceed the standard is not caused by a large bearing clearance.